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Roller derby is a contact sport played by two teams of five members roller skating in the same direction around a track. Game play consists of a series of short match ups (jams) in which both teams designate a jammer who scores points by lapping members of the opposing team. The teams attempt to hinder the opposing jammer while assisting their own jammer—in effect, playing both offense and defense simultaneously. Roller derby is played by approximately 1,250 amateur leagues worldwide, nearly half of them outside the United States. While the sport has its origins in the banked-track roller skating marathons of the 1930s, Leo Seltzer and Damon Runyon are credited with the basic evolution of the sport to its initial competitive form. Professional roller derby quickly became popular; in 1940 more than five million spectators watched in about 50 American cities. In the ensuing decades, however, it predominantly became a form of sports entertainment where the theatrical elements overshadowed the athleticism. This gratuitous showmanship largely ended with the sport's contemporary grassroots revival in the first decade of the 21st century. Although some sports entertainment qualities such as player pseudonyms and colorful uniforms were retained, scripted bouts with predetermined winners were abandoned.〔Neale, Rick (June 24, 2008). ("All-Female Roller Derby Elbows Its Way In as a Legitimate Sport" ), ''USA Today''〕 Modern roller derby is an international sport dominated by all-female amateur teams, in addition to a growing number of male, co-ed, and junior roller derby teams, and was (as a roller sport) under consideration for the 2020 Summer Olympics.〔http://olympictalk.nbcsports.com/2013/05/28/roller-sports-pitch-for-the-2020-olympics/〕〔http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/05/30/three-sports-make-olympic-cut-for-2020-summer-games〕 Most modern leagues (their back-office volunteers included) share a strong "do it yourself" ethic which combines athleticism and elements from camp.〔(Norms-Based Regulation of Intellectual Property: The Case of Roller Derby Pseudonyms by David Fagundes :: SSRN ). Papers.ssrn.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-04.〕 As of 2014 the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA), had 243 full member leagues and 114 Apprentice Leagues.〔 ==Game play== Contemporary roller derby has a basic set of rules, with variations reflecting the interests of a governing body's member leagues. The summary below is based on a comprehensive rule set developed by the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA),〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://wftda.com/rules/wftda-rules.pdf )〕 which is used by the vast majority of leagues. In March 2010, Derby News Network claimed that more than 98% of roller derby competitions were conducted under WFTDA rules. For example, members of the United Kingdom Roller Derby Association are required to play by WFTDA rules,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Join Us )〕 while members of the Canadian Women's Roller Derby Association are encouraged to join the WFTDA.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Welcome to CWRDA )〕 Thus, the rules described below are WFTDA rules. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roller derby」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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